ABSTRACT The international maritime industry is experiencing an extraordinary transformation as nations implement stricter regulatory frameworks to enforce economic sanctions on Russia. The removal of 114 Russian-linked tankers from global registries, particularly by Panama and Barbados, marks a significant escalation in Western efforts to disrupt Russia’s reliance on shadow fleet operations. This strategic shift goes … Leggi tutto The Global Maritime Fallout: How Barbados and Panama’s Deregistration of 114 Russian Shadow Fleet Tankers is Reshaping Sanctions Compliance and Oil Trade