China’s unparalleled control over the refining of critical minerals—lithium, cobalt, nickel, graphite, and rare earth elements—positions it as the linchpin of global supply chains for advanced technologies, from semiconductors to electric vehicle batteries. According to the International Energy Agency’s 2024 Global Critical Minerals Outlook, China processes 85 percent of rare earths, 90 percent of graphite, … Leggi tutto Strategic Imperatives for U.S. Critical Mineral Independence: Building a Robust Domestic Refining Ecosystem to Counter Chinese Supply Chain Dominance