The European Union’s Temporary Protection Directive (TPD), activated in March 2022 to address the unprecedented influx of Ukrainian refugees following Russia’s invasion, represents a landmark in collective European humanitarian action. As of February 2025, Eurostat reported that 4.3 million non-EU citizens, predominantly Ukrainians, held temporary protection status across the 27 member states, with the highest … Leggi tutto The European Union’s Temporary Protection Directive for Ukrainian Refugees and the Imperative for Sustainable Policy Alternatives in 2025