Geopolitical and Technical Constraints on the Efficacy of U.S. Military Strikes Against Iran’s Nuclear Infrastructure in June 2025

The U.S. military operation, codenamed Midnight Hammer, executed on June 22, 2025, targeted three of Iran’s primary nuclear facilities—Fordo, Natanz, and Isfahan—deploying 14 GBU-57 Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP) bombs and over two dozen Tomahawk cruise missiles. According to a Reuters report dated June 23, 2025, the operation involved 125 aircraft, including seven B-2 stealth bombers, … Leggi tutto Geopolitical and Technical Constraints on the Efficacy of U.S. Military Strikes Against Iran’s Nuclear Infrastructure in June 2025