ABSTRACT Oil shipments through the Druzhba pipeline, a critical conduit for Russian crude to Hungary and Slovakia, experienced sequential halt-and-resume disruptions during August 2025, triggered by targeted Ukrainian drone and missile strikes on infrastructure within Russia’s Bryansk and Tambov regions. The first major stoppage on August 18, 2025, affected a transformer or pumping station and prompted formal condemnation … Leggi tutto Strategic Disruptions of Russian Oil Exports via the Druzhba Pipeline to Hungary and Slovakia in August 2025: Energy Security Implications and Geopolitical Dynamics