ABSTRACT Repeated unmanned incursions into Poland’s airspace in 2025 have been formally acknowledged by national authorities as deliberate “provocations” linked to the broader confrontation with the Russian Federation, placing the burden of escalation management on the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU) while exposing persistent gaps in low-altitude detection, cost-imposition logic, … Leggi tutto Hybrid Drone Incursions over the NATO–EU Frontier