ABSTRACT The expansion of Russia’s hybrid warfare in 2025 reflects a complex interplay between kinetic provocations and strategic information manipulation, targeting both the physical and cognitive security of the European Union and NATO member states. On the night of September 9–10, 2025, between 19 and 23 Russian drones crossed into Polish airspace, forcing the temporary … Leggi tutto Hybrid War Escalation in Europe: Russian Drone Intrusions and Disinformation Campaigns in 2025