Abstract The intensifying militarization of outer space, marked by proliferating low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations and escalating counterspace threats from state actors, compels European Union (EU) members to fortify their orbital domain awareness and early warning architectures. This analysis addresses the imperative for sovereign capabilities amid a domain where over 36,000 tracked debris objects and … Leggi tutto France’s Aurore Radar and JEWEL Initiative: Enhancing European Space Surveillance and Missile Defense in 2025