ABSTRACT The regular session of the Collective Security Council (CSC) of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), convened in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, in late November 2025, unfolded against a backdrop of deep strategic contradiction. On one hand, the summit signaled institutional cohesion and administrative stability, concluding the chairship of Kyrgyzstan and successfully adopting a declaration that reviewed implementation of priorities and outlined key objectives … Leggi tutto Russia’s 2026 CSTO Doctrine: Military Modernization and the New Eurasian Security Architecture