ABSTRACT The topic centers on India‘s strategic vulnerability in maritime shipping: heavy reliance on foreign carriers for imports and exports, resulting in substantial annual outflows (estimated $70–$75 billion historically), declining domestic ship ownership/flag share, and ongoing government initiatives for self-reliance under Aatmanirbhar Bharat. India‘s dependence on foreign shipping companies remains a core strategic weakness, as … Leggi tutto India’s Maritime Dependency Codex: Strategic Weakness & Revival Pathways (February 2025–2026 Update)