ABSTRACT Germany’s first formal Strategy on China, adopted in July 2023 by the Federal Government, characterises China simultaneously as partner, competitor, systemic rival while placing de‐risking, rather than decoupling, at the centre of its economic security vocabulary. Link to full strategy text: “Strategy on China” (Federal Foreign Office, July 2023) (Auswärtiges Amt) Analysts observe that … Leggi tutto Germany’s 2023 China Strategy and Beijing’s Twin-Track Response: Reassuring Berlin, Countering Brussels in 2024–2025