ABSTRACT Institutional documents released by the Russian Federation in 2016 establish the legal architecture for a long-term military footprint in the Syrian Arab Republic, anchored by the Khmeimim/Hmeimim air group arrangement and rights of use codified in an intergovernmental accord that the Kremlin publicized on October 14, 2016 via “Law ratifying Agreement between Russia and … Leggi tutto Syria–Russia Security Cooperation and Deterrence Dynamics in a Fragmenting Order: Institutional Evidence, Legal Basing Frameworks and Humanitarian-Economic Constraints, 2025