Abstract The persistence of heightened geopolitical tensions in Europe, stemming from Russia’s ongoing military operations in Ukraine and broader assertions of regional influence, has prompted repeated examinations of the conventional military balance between European states—both individually and collectively through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)—and the Russian Federation. Assessments grounded in open-source data from established … Leggi tutto EXCLUSIVE REPORT – European Conventional Military Capabilities as a Threat to Russia: A Comparative Assessment in 2025