ABSTRACT The imminent strategic investment by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s Public Investment Fund (PIF) into a critical, yet financially distressed, division of Italy’s defense conglomerate, Leonardo S.p.A., represents far more than a routine foreign direct investment (FDI); it is a dual-frontier strategy that simultaneously attempts to resolve Italy’s domestic industrial vulnerability and advance the … Leggi tutto The Dual-Frontier Strategy: Assessing the Geopolitical and Technological Calculus of Saudi Arabia’s Investment in European Defense Capabilities – The Leonardo case