Industrial restructuring, transnational production networks, capital reallocation and the future of European automotive sovereignty, 1989–2031. Scope: This assessment examines Germany, Hungary and the wider Central European automotive manufacturing system, focusing on Volkswagen/Audi, Mercedes-Benz and BMW, their production and investment decisions through 29 October 2026, and the industrial, employment and economic-security implications for the European Union … Leggi tutto Germany’s Automotive Retrenchment and Hungary’s Industrial Rise: Resilience or Relocation?