Images posted on a Pentagon-run public affairs website Dvids show a US Army artillery unit firing white phosphorus munitions in Iraq, identified by the Washington Post as M825A1 155mm shells.
The M825A1 shells are generally used to create a smokescreen lasting for up to 10 minutes, or make signals and markings for friendly troops.
PROJECTILE, 155mm, WP, M825 & M825A1
Description.
These projectiles are separate loading 155mm artillery projectiles which are used to produce a ground screening smoke of 5-10 minutes duration.
The M825/M825Al projectile consists of a modified M483A1 projectile carrier consisting of an M483A1 ogive and expulsion charge in a modified M483A1 all steel body and a threaded steel ring base.
A rotating band encircles the assembled projectile near the base.
The projectile carries a payload of white phosphorus impregnated 3/4-inch felt wedges contained in a hermetically sealed steel canister (29 per quadrant, 116 per canister).
A burster charge, 1/4-inch diameter (approximately 21 grams Composition A-5) runs the entire length of the canister in the 1/2-inch x 1/2-inch central cavity which was produced by off-setting the canister X ribs.
A launch activated safe and arm (S&A) module from the MTSQ M577 Series or ET M762 fuze separates the forward end of the main charge from the heat sensitive pyrotechnic delay equipment. Difference Between Models.
The M825A1 projectile contains an improved payload and a new base which have corrected the M825 flight instability.
The M825A1 base is made out of steel and has two wrench slots.
The M825 base is made out of aluminum and has recesses for wrench. Function.
In-flight functioning of the mechanical time fuze ignites the expulsion charge causing ejection of the smoke payload.
The 100 MS delay is activated by the burning expulsion charge and provides ample time for the canister to clear the projectile body before the main charge functions rupturing the canister and igniting the smoke payload.
The multiple burning wedges fall to the target area and produce obscuring smoke (125-250 meters wide) lasting 5-10 minutes.
Weight 102.6 pounds Length (w/ fuze 34.9 – 35.4 inches Filler and Weight 116 felt submunitions saturated with 12.75 lbs of WP Fuzes MTSQ – M577 series; ET – M762 Propelling charges M3&M4 series,M119,A1,A2; M203, A1 Burster Composition A-5, 21.2 g Expulsion Charge M10 Propellant, 51 g Primer Percussion, M82 Range 2,980 – 17,740 meters
Reference: TM 43-0001-28, Army Ammunition Data Sheets, Artillery Ammunition, April 1994
But when used indiscriminately in civilian-populated areas, white phosphorus munitions can cause severe burns.
“Coalition forces use these rounds with caution and always in accordance with the Law of Armed Conflict,” Colonel Joseph Scrocca, public affairs director for the US-led coalition, told the newspaper in an emailed statement on Wednesday.
“When M825A1 rounds are employed, they are done so in areas free of civilians and never against enemy forces,” he said, adding that the shells are being used for “screening and signaling” only.
However, on Thursday spokesman for the US-led coalition in Iraq Air Force Colonel John Dorrian somewhat revised Scrocca’s statement, claiming that the troops take “all reasonable precautions to minimize the risk of incidental injury to non-combatants and damage to civilian structures.”
Dorrian refused to elaborate on whether the US military have used white phosphorus shells against enemy forces, telling the Washington Post that the munitions had been “used generally for the circumstances which I described.”
He added that the image posted on Dvids has allegedly been taken during a US operation to support Kurdish fighters’ advance with artillery fire.
The operation, called Evergreen II, was focused on helping the Kurds secure the Gwer River Bridge, near the northern Iraqi town of Gwer, and the white phosphorus shells have been deployed to “obscure” Kurdish fighters’ offensive.
Although widely-used by some militaries, the legality of the white phosphorus munitions remains questionable.
Many weapons experts and rights groups believe that the weapon is indiscriminate in nature and extremely dangerous for civilians.
Earlier this month, Amnesty International said that the weapon has deliberately been used by the Saudis against Yemeni Houthi rebels.
In 2014, HRW alleged that the Ukrainian Army deployed “exceptionally cruel” incendiary weapons, including white phosphorus, against anti-Kiev rebels defending the eastern city of Donetsk.
“When white phosphorus is used in attacks in areas containing concentrations of civilians and civilian objects, it will indiscriminately start fires over a wide area,” Mark Hiznay, associate arms director at HRW, told the newspaper.
“US and Iraqi forces should refrain from using white phosphorus in urban areas like Mosul, because whatever tactical military advantage is gained at the time of use, it will be far outweighed by the stigma created by horrific burns to civilian victims.”
In 2009, HRW called on NATO forces in Afghanistan to immediately release the results of their inquiry into deadly incident in which an eight-year-old girl in Kapisa province has been burned by white phosphorus munitions.
The girl died hours after the shelling because of several burn wounds on her face and neck.
NATO forces denied use of white phosphorus munitions in the area and claimed that is was Taliban that may have fired the shells, but have not provided any evidence for their claim
