Adobe Research has been getting busy nailing down how to spot image manipulations by unleashing AI on the case. In doing so, they may be achieving real headway in the field of image forensics.
You can check out the paper, “Learning Rich Features for Image Manipulation Detection,” by authors whose affiliations include Adobe Research and University of Maryland, College Park.
The paper should be seen by fakers who think they can get away with flaunting their tricks because Adobe’s scientists are eager to get and stay on your case.
Senior research scientist Vlad Morariu, for example, set out on a quest to solve the problem on how to detect images that have been subject to tampering.
Morariu is no stranger to the task. In 2016, he took up a challenge of detecting image manipulation as part of the DARPA Media Forensics program.
How can you detect if a picture is authentic or has been manipulated?
In this case, he and his colleagues watched out for manipulation via three types of operations. Splicing [parts of two different images are combined], cloning [when you move an object from one pace to another] and removal. [In the latter, you remove an object—and the space can be filled in.]
First, let’s hear some noise.
“Every image has it own imperceptible noise statistics. When you manipulate an image, you actually move the noise statistics along with the content. ”
A posting in the Adobe Blog also carried his remarks about what we can know about manipulation.
“File formats contain metadata that can be used to store information about how the image was captured and manipulated.
Forensic tools can be used to detect manipulation by examining the noise distribution, strong edges, lighting and other pixel values of a photo. Watermarks can be used to establish original creation of an image.”
Even though the human eye may be unable to spot the artifacts, detection is possible by close analysis at the pixel level, said Adobe, or by applying filters that help highlight changes. Not all such tools, however, work perfectly to discover tampering.
Enter artificial intelligence and machine learning—and they entered Vlad’s head, as potentially reliable paths to identify a modified image.
Can AI not only spot manipulation but also identify the type of manipulation used and highlight the specific area of the photograph that was altered?
To get answers, he and team trained a deep learning neural network to recognize image manipulation.
Two techniques were tried, (1) an RGB stream (changes to red, green and blue color values of pixels) to detect tampering and (2) use of a noise stream filter.
Results? The authors said in their paper that “Experiments on standard datasets show that our method not only detects tampering artifacts but also distinguishes between various tampering techniques. More features, including JPEG compression, will be explored in the future.”
The Adobe Blog reminds us that digital image manipulation is a technology that “can be used for both the best and the worst of our imaginations.”
Why this research matters: Techniques used provide more possibility and more options for managing the impact of digital manipulation, and they potentially answer questions of authenticity more effectively, said the Adobe Blog.
Paul Lilly weighed in at HotHardware: “It’s not a perfect system, but it’s nice to see companies like Adobe working on ways to separate fact from fiction in photography.”
More information: Learning Rich Features for Image Manipulation Detection, openaccess.thecvf.com/content_ … _CVPR_2018_paper.pdf