Economy

ABSTRACT Poland stands at a critical juncture in its maritime security evolution, and 2025 marks the moment in which Warsaw’s longstanding naval asymmetry—especially its undersea...

Sweden’s maneuvering through the dual geoeconomic storm of U.S. protectionism and Chinese strategic assertiveness is defined by an increasing recourse to numeric calibration of...

In an era defined by intensifying geopolitical competition, Spain’s foreign policy reflects a sophisticated effort to balance its deep-rooted transatlantic alliance with the United...

In 2025, Slovenia’s foreign and economic policy orientation reveals a compelling case of calibrated equilibrium within the broader tapestry of intensifying U.S.-China competition, European...

Slovakia, a small open economy in the heart of Central Europe, stands at a critical juncture as the escalating US-China trade war reshapes global...

In 2019, Romania initiated a significant realignment of its foreign policy trajectory, signaling a strategic shift that would reverberate across its diplomatic, economic, and...

In an era defined by escalating geopolitical tensions and economic fragmentation, Portugal’s foreign policy, rooted in a universalistic philosophy, positions the nation as a...

Deputy Minister of National Defence Paweł Bejda’s official visit to Toulon in July 2025 marked a pivotal escalation in Poland’s multilateral negotiations for the...

Poland's foreign and security policy in 2025 reflects an increasingly deliberate and disciplined alignment with the United States, anchored in hard security cooperation, defense...

In an era defined by intensifying geopolitical rivalries, the Netherlands occupies a pivotal position at the intersection of global trade, technological innovation, and security...

Consistently among the most pro-American nations in Europe, Lithuania has pursued a foreign policy that aligns with the United States on nearly every critical...

In the evolving landscape of global geopolitics, Latvia, a small Baltic nation with a population of approximately 1.84 million as reported by the World...

ABSTRACT Italy’s withdrawal from China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) by the end of 2023 marked more than the expiration of a symbolic memorandum—it represented...

Ireland’s policy of military neutrality, a cornerstone of its foreign policy since the state’s inception, faces unprecedented challenges in 2025 as global geopolitical dynamics...

In the evolving landscape of global geopolitics, Greece occupies a pivotal position at the intersection of Western alliances, Chinese economic ambitions, and European Union...